Chokha-Chokhi (Ruddy Shelduck) © Pablo Barrena
Bangladesh, a land of rivers and floodplains, holds a hidden gem for bird enthusiasts and conservationists alike: Tanguar Haor. This vast wetland, a designated Ramsar site, is more than just a body of water; it's a critical lifeline for millions of birds traveling one of the world's most important migratory routes. Situated in the Sunamganj district, this haor (a type of back-swamp or bowl-shaped depression) is a vibrant and bustling hub for both resident and migratory avian species.
A Migratory Marvel
As a key stopover on the East Asian–Australian Flyway, Tanguar Haor provides essential rest and nourishment for birds on their incredible journeys. From November to January, the haor transforms into a bustling avian metropolis, hosting a breathtaking variety of feathered travelers. You might spot a Piyang Hansh (Gadwall) foraging in the shallow waters or the striking Chokha-Chokhi (Ruddy Shelduck) gracefully gliding by. Other frequent visitors include the elegant Khonjon (African Pied Wagtail), the aptly named Pantamukhi/Utture Khuntehansh (Northern Shoveler) with its unique bill, and the petite Balihansh/Belehansh (Cotton Pygmy Goose). These birds, alongside the Lenja Hansh/Kaldigheri (Pintail Duck) and the vibrant Rangamuri (Red-crested Pochard), make the haor a spectacle of color and sound.
The haor's resident bird population is just as captivating. The Pankouri (Indian Cormorant) can be seen diving for fish, while the melodious calls of the Dahuk echo across the water. The haor is also home to various types of sand ducks and other local species that have found a permanent sanctuary in this rich ecosystem.
A Call for Conservation
Despite its importance, Tanguar Haor is facing significant challenges. A study conducted between 2008 and 2021 revealed an alarming trend: declining populations for several migratory species, including the Baer's Pochard and Common Pochard. This decline is a stark warning that the delicate balance of this wetland is at risk.
The threats are multifaceted, from habitat degradation to human activities that disrupt nesting and feeding grounds. The declining numbers highlight an urgent need for enhanced conservation efforts. Protecting Tanguar Haor is not just about saving birds; it's about preserving a vital part of Bangladesh's natural heritage and maintaining a critical link in a global ecological chain. It's a reminder that we are all interconnected and that the health of one ecosystem affects the well-being of countless species across continents.